Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family and an essential nutrient for human physiology. It plays critical roles in energy metabolism, cellular repair, and maintaining overall health.
α-Arbutin is used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for its skin lightening effects, treatment of hyperpigmentation, and as a safer alternative to hydroquinone.
